Live Like a Soldier, Die Like a Child - 1386 Words

â€Å"Shooting became just like drinking a glass of water† said Ishmael Beah, an ex-child-soldier, â€Å"children who refused to fight, kill or showed any weakness were ruthlessly dealt with.† As children’s involvement in armed conflict keeps on increasing, â€Å"Child Soldiers† becomes a more and more popular phrase on newspapers and news. Many, however, do not have an insight view on what are actually behind simply â€Å"300,000 under-age, cold-blooded killers† (The Economist, Dec. 10th, 1998). A simple question â€Å"What do child soldiers fight for?† covers a vast range of elements including wealth, fame, or to simply survive. The issue of child soldier has taken place throughout human history and becomes more and more severe. The constitution of child†¦show more content†¦Easily manipulated due to their unsophisticated mind and physically smallness, child soldiers are usually brainwashed to devote their lives to their leaders an d manifest allegiance to the gang or rebellion army. Also, for the rebellion army raise them up and train them since they are young, they will have a gesture of gratitude toward the rebellion army while growing up. To express the gratefulness, they give themselves into service for the rebellion army. One of the most notable examples throughout history is the Hitler Jugend (Hitler Youth) during World War II. Members of the Hitler Youth were brainwash with Fascism since joining it at a young age, who would later on grew up and became lethal fighters devoting to Hitler believing that he was their god. A large amount of child soldiers who are raised by the rebellion army have steadfast loyalty toward it and are willing to fight and die for it. Also, they are trained strictly and chosen carefully, like the description in the book Space Marines Do you know how they make them? No, of course you dont. They find some barbaric place where children fight to survive, and they hunt down the most bloodthirsty killers. They recruit them when theyre twelve, thirteen, fourteen, with all that hate and that arrogance, just at the age when you think youre bulletproof and nothing can kill you. Then they keep them like that, give them a gun and some armor and point them at the nearest enemy.Show MoreRelatedIs A Child Soldier?1249 Words   |  5 Pages A child soldier is a person who serves in a military and is under the age of 18. Should they be prosecuted for the crimes they have committed? Before the question is answered this though the issue at hand must be explained. Imagine a child born in a country of war, and their parents might have to sell them to an army, maybe they die and that’s the only place they can go, or maybe they take he/she from their home to serve their country. Now they are angry, frustrated, and wanting revenge. TheirRead More How Wilfred Owen Presents the Horror of War in Dulce et Decorum est1427 Words   |  6 PagesDecorum est In the First World War people wanted the young men to go to war, but no-one really knew about conditions of the fighting in the war. Wilfred Owen was one of the people who wanted to tell the public what war was really was like. He tried to do that through his poetry. One of his poems Dulce et decorum est shows the horror of war very well. We know that Wilfred Owen really does know what hes talking about as he served through most of the war and died shortlyRead MoreThe Death Of The Trenches904 Words   |  4 PagesTrenches† exposes the psychological issues that overwhelmed one soldier in particular, but as the reader, it is clear that the feelings described belong to any soldier that ever felt the wrath of the war. The first stanza paints a picture of a soldier who knows nothing of death or destruction. Line number three, specifically, reads â€Å"slept soundly through the lonesome dark† (Suicide in the Trenches). This shows that prior to the war, this soldier felt comfortable and safe within the walls of his home andRead MoreThe Affect of War on Ones Innocence1099 Words   |  5 Pagesin the eyes of naive children or experienced soldiers. Whether one is a young boy or a soldier, war is never as easy to understand as the definition. comprehend. There will inevitably be an event or circumstance where one is befuddled by the horror of war. For a young boy, it may occur w hen war first breaks out in his country, such as in â€Å"Song of Becoming.† Yet, in â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† it took a man dying in front of a soldiers face for the soldier to realize how awful war truly is. Both â€Å"SongRead MorePoem Analysis: The Soldier by Ruper Brooke772 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The Soldier† is a poem about a generic, yet ideal soldier, which is indicated by Rupert Brooke’s use of the word â€Å"The† instead of â€Å"A† when describing the soldier in the title. The usage of â€Å"I† and â€Å"me† in the poem suggests a first person point of view, which makes the poem more personal and realistic to the reader. This poem is a sonnet because the first stanza contains eight lines and the second stanza contains six. Throughout â€Å"The Soldier,† the repetition of â€Å"English† and â€Å"England† shows how importantRead MoreThe Bite Of A Mango And A Long Way Gone : Book Analysis1 197 Words   |  5 Pagescompletely alter their way of life. The people that are indiscriminately thrust into war due to unjust circumstances are considered victims. In the article, Children - the ultimate victims of war Graca Machel states that, War violates every right of a child - the right to life, the right to be with family and community, the right to health, the right to the development of the personality and the right to be nurtured and protected (Machel 1). In the setting of war, children are frequently the ones thatRead MoreCapital Punishment Results in a Better Society Essay795 Words   |  4 Pagessomething before it stops them from doing wrong again. There is nothing worse to fear than death, except for fear itself. An example of a successful deterrent is a mother with children. When one child does something wrong and the mother punishes that child in front of the others it stops the child and other children from doing the same thing. This sort of thing needs to h appen in society a little more. We need to punish those who do wrong right away. When the death penalty is not usedRead MoreThe Dangers of Child Soldiers811 Words   |  3 Pagesyoung boys ages 8-13 who are clenching a gun being ordered to kill against their will? It’s understood that others opinions about the dangers of child soldiers being free are only because they don’t want to risk anything but, isn’t life all about taking risks? You risk your life leaving the house, and breathing. Also, countries should not prosecute child soldiers for the crimes they committed during wartime. There also should not be an international minimum age of criminal responsibility for war crimesRead MoreFallen Angels Chacter analysis1133 Words   |  5 Pagesgotten from Saige to give to Kenny. When Lt. Carroll dies, it has a great impact on him and his platoon; they trusted him like no other. Also, Perry faces the changes as he wants to pray. He says,† †¦ If he knew where the Lord’s Prayer was in the bible.† (Meyers 107). Perry had ne ver really believed in praying, but as he enfaces the horror of war, he sees he has very small chance to live and wants to exceed his time. At the end of the novel Perry thinks,† That this was right, but it was only right fromRead MoreChild Soldiers And Children Under The Age Of 181419 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"For child soldiers, everyday is a living nightmare† (Chatterjee, 2012). Child soldiers are children under the age of 18 who are used in the military for any source of benefit. Child soldiers worldwide have become a huge issue, leading to many unnecessary deaths as well as lifelong mental trauma. According to â€Å"For Child Soldiers, Every Day is a Living Nightmare† 90% of the child soldiers in Liberia show post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as 65% showing depression post-war. Developing

Susan Sontag s The Jews During The Holocaust - 2750 Words

Chloe Chrysikopoulos Holocaust Professor Gillerman November 20, 2014 Susan Sontag states, â€Å"The likelihood that your acts of resistance cannot stop the injustice does not exempt you from acting in what you sincerely and reflectively hold to be the best interests of your community.† (Sontag At the Same Time: Essays and Speeches) This quote, while not written to reflect the resistance of the Jews during the Holocaust, can certainly apply to their situation. There has been argument amongst scholars as to whether or not Jews actively resisted the Nazis during the Holocaust, however evidence has shown that regardless of the lack of resources, lack of knowledge, fear of collective punishment, hope for survival, and lack of support within the camps, spiritual and armed resistance occurred, and Jews fought back against the Nazi regime not to simply survive, but keep their dignity, spirituality, hope, culture, and ideological beliefs alive. Many Jews knew that resistance would not be a force strong enough to stop the Nazi regime, but it would be a force strong enough to raise spirits in the ghetto, keep their culture alive, and preserve their legacy. From 1941 to 1943, Jews created underground resistance movements in about 100 ghettos throughout Nazi occupied territory. Despite the terrible conditions, lack of resources, lack of support in, as well as outside, the ghetto, and fear of individual and collective punishment, spiritual and armed resistance occurred.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Film Leni Riefenstahl 1880 Words   |  8 Pagesbased on â€Å"history†. Susan Sontag s response is that the film it is seen as a portrayal of a fascist society. A Nazi propaganda tool and not necessarily intended as a fascist viewpoint. Sontag reasons that the film techniques, and the relationship between Leni Riefenstahl and the Nazi leadership as well as the consistent illustration of fascist themes found in the film establishes that Triumph of the Will is fascist and intended to promote and preserve the Nazi ideology. During the rise of power of

Work Effectively with Aboriginal Strait People for Kingship System

Question: Discuss about theWork Effectively with Aboriginal Strait People for Kingship System. Answer: True 250 indigenous languages was spoken before white settle that is option C Skin name refers to a method in which the society if subdivided into various categories that are somewhat related to each other by means of kingship system. The type of skin name of an individual is inherited by birth from their parents or ancestors. Skin names helps in explaining the bloodline of persons (Cultural Capability Team, 2015). The three kingship relationships within the extended Indigenous family can be stated as below: Moiety the first level of Kingship relationship: both the division of Yolngu such as Dhuwa or Yirritja is related to each other. The people belonging to Yolngu all over the world at that time were either Dhuwa or Yirritja. Totemis is the second level of Kingship relationship: in this relationship it is seen that the totems is formed by split in Moieties such as is one Moiety is a animal lover and love to conserve the animals, the other Moiety will be animal eater. Skin Names is the third level Kingship relationship: in this relationship if a women has the first name in the family as (One), then her baby is named as (Two). From here any Twos in that region is siblings to the child born. Similarly, every ones is their mother. Further the child that is born will grow and give birth to another child which will be termed as Threes. Similar relationship exists between every Threes and all the Twos will be their mother (Cultural differences in the workplace, 2015). Statement number (d) is not true because all indigenous people cannot paint the traditional art because special Aboriginal artists paint the Indigenous painting. Terra Nullius is a Latin word, which means the Land belonging to nobody. It is the termed use in the times of European colonial power during which they took the control of an empty territory. Terra nullius is stated of the territory, which has never been subjected to any sovereignty of a state. Such territory can be occupied by anyone for any occupational reasons (Hendy, 2017). The three disastrous impacts the colonization had over the indigenous people are: Colonization introduced various kinds epidemic diseases such as chickenpox, smallpox and others There was huge loss of land as indigenous people were unable to access the land and other water resources on the land. Increased episodes of violation in which indigenous people were murdered and brutally treated by the British (Ganesharajah, 2017). The missionary organization that arrived in the Torres Strait in 1871 is The London Missionary Society. From all the statements about Wik decision, option number (c) is true which states that Wik decision stated that deemed native title and pastoral leases to co-exist (Roberts, 2017). Cultural factors that are currently affecting the Indigenous society are: Increased female mortality rate among the Indigenous people Increased usage of drugs in the society Low level of nutrition among the indigenous persons Relationship between country and well-being of the indigenous people are highly dependent on the relationship between the land and wellbeing. It has been stated that the indigenous people considered a positive outcome from working in the country. However, the indigenous people also faced some health issues while living outside the urban areas. For these kinds of people, land is central to their well-being. On the other hand, it is also seen that the connection of indigenous people with the land is very complex. Indigenous people highly connected their well-being with the well-being of their country. Evidences showed that the indigenous people related their condition of poor health with the deteriorating health of the Murray River. In this way, indigenous people connected their own well-being with the country (Roberts, 2017). Option (d): any kind of judgment or interpretation that is done for someone or something by means of standard is known as Cultural Bias. Reverse Cultural Shock is a type of shock that people suffer while coming back to their hometown after living overseas. It is because they find it difficult to adjust with the culture of their home country. The most important of communication according to Carl Rogers is two way communication. Two non-verbal communication strategies that one can use while communicating with the Indigenous people are hand gestures and facial expressions. In verbal communication, keeping a translator or mediator and the communicating person should also know their native language. However, while learning their linguistic, it is important to consider their cultural aspects as well (Love, Moore Warburton, 2017). Gratuitous concurrence is situation that is evident when a person is seem to agree on every plan given to them and does not show any kind of disagreement. It is most commonly used by indigenous people in which using gratuitous concurrence is a cultural incident and a way of building relationship. It is important to consider the health literacy level while dealing with the indigenous client because a lack in health services would show lackness in the true partnership. Cultural safety is referred to as a policy in which equal attention and respect is given to different culture and society while offering them health and education facility. Option (c): Reconciliation action plan Four cultural differences and behavior a culturally safe workplace will respect are dress, religious practices, non-verbal behavior and customs (Drahos, 2014). Three cultural obligations that an indigenous staff will have to deal with are trust, communication and respect. Benefits of building partnership with indigenous people are: Help to develop cultural awareness Helps to learn a lot about their linguistic and customs Help in building equitable society Option (b) are recognized as a custodian of cultural knowledge, practices and beliefs Indigenous reference group is a group that gives advice and strategic direction to the programs that aims at supporting the rights of indigenous people (Love, Moore Warburton, 2017). Capacity building simply means increasing the assets available to a community. References Cultural Capability Team. (2015).health.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 14 November 2017, from https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/151923/communicating.pdf Cultural differences in the workplace. (2015).sa.gov.au. Retrieved 14 November 2017, from https://www.eoc.sa.gov.au/eo-you/workers/work/cultural-differences-workplace Drahos, P. (2014).Intellectual property, indigenous people and their knowledge(No. 25). Cambridge University Press. Ganesharajah. C (2017).Indigenous Health and Wellbeing: The Importance of Country. Aiatsis.gov.au. Retrieved 14 November 2017, from https://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/products/report_research_outputs/ganesharajah-2009-indigenous-health-wellbeing-importance-country.pdf Hendy, P. (2017).Employing Indigenous Australians.cufa.com.au. Retrieved 14 November 2017, from https://www.cufa.com.au/downloads/library/csr/Employing_Indigenous_Australians_Strategy.pdf Love, P., Moore, M., Warburton, J. (2017). Nurturing spiritual well?being among older people in Australia: Drawing on Indigenous and non?indigenous way of knowing.Australasian journal on ageing,36(3), 179-185. Roberts A. (2017).Elders track lost Indigenous languages - ABC Capricornia - Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Abc.net.au. Retrieved 14 November 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2012/01/25/3415611.htm

Motorcycles, A Mechanized Version Of A Horse Some May Say, Were First

?Motorcycles, a mechanized version of a horse some may say, were first created in the early 1900's?. (Scott, p.7) Harley Davidson, a family run business for over 65 years, produced one of the first American made motorcycles. ?Through the years of boom and bust Harley Davidson was known exclusively as the builder of large, air-cooled V-twin engines, powering mostly large, heavyweight motorcycles?. (Rafferty, p.8) Harley still remains the foundation of motorcycles today. The first prototype Harley-Davidson was developed in 1901 by both William S. Harley and Arthur Davidson. Throughout their years of building different models they worked on improving the Harley piece by piece and came out with a bike that stood out for it's safety measures and advances. Harley Davidson was also known for its powerful V-twin engine which appeared in 1909. Their first attempt at developing the engine was unsuccessful, but after undergoing revisions in the design it reappeared in 1911. Its new engine was more suitable for the use of a sidecar because it produced more power. The sidecar was used mainly for carrying the wife and family and required the extra horsepower from the engine. ?The tempo of the company picked up until in 1918, when orders were helped by the military, Harley-Davidson was the world's largest motorcycle company.? (Scott, p.21) In the mid 1920's Harley-Davidson decided to expand and manufacture bikes for racing even though the original design wasn't intended for racing use. The developer's opinions changed when they saw that money could be made and that their motorcycle was one of the top-of-the-line bikes on the market for this kind of use. Many private Harley owners that raced found the motorcycle to hold up well on the track. Once the Harley manufacturers found out about this they started to construct a more advanced motorcycle for racing. By doing this they changed the V-twin style engine to a 37-cubic-inch sports model. This new model gave the bike more power, quicker starts, and an over all better performance. As the years went on new models were produced and during the fifties women began taking more active roles in motorcycling following examples set a decade before by the Motor Maids. This popular group of women riders, supported by the American Motorcycle Association (AMA), demonstrated that women needn't be only passengers. A women named Dot Robinson was the original president of the Motor Maids. New models of bikes were made to suit the desires and needs of women riders. The bike's engine size and metallic structure was configured specifically to fit a women. In the 1960's Harley riders started to develop an image of riders with black leather jackets, tattoo's, long hair and even beards. This had become not only a statement of fashion, but a preferred lifestyle. Motorcycle movies like ?Run, Angel Run!? staring William Smith, and ?Easy Riders? staring Dennis Hopper and Jack Nicholson became popular in the late 1960's. As a result of these motorcycle movies, motorcycle riding gained a ?bad boy? perception within the general population. Celebrities such as Sylvester Stallone, Billy Idol, and Elizabeth Taylor bought Harleys to fit and enhance their images. Even in today's world motorcycles have a bad reputation and image towards them but people still buy and ride them. There are many different models, companies and styles of motorcycles manufactured today. Many companies try to make their motorcycles look like Harleys because they know that Harley-Davidson is a well liked and ridden motorcycle. Most of these foreign bikes are shipped in from other countries. Although some of these bikes are made in America they still need foreign parts shipped in to build them. This is one of the reasons why people buy Harley-Davidsons, because they are all made in America. Instead of our money going to other countries it stays within the US. This benefits American people by keeping more people employed and less people on welfare. These bikes may be considered expensive but with all the work that is put into these machines it is worth it. For a less expensive motorcycle Honda and Kawasaki are examples of Japanese-made motorcycles that are street legal but are mainly made for going fast. These type of bikes aren't made for traveling long distances

Alabama Immigration Law free essay sample

Policy Analysis I Paper CJA 463 Policy Analysis I Paper The new Alabama Immigration Law has set a new get tough standard for immigration law and policies. The law â€Å"[outlaws illegal immigrants from receiving any state or local public benefits, bars them from enrolling in or attending public colleges, and prohibits them from applying for or soliciting work]†. (Fausset,  para. 11) The Alabama Immigration Law also forbids the harboring and transport of illegal immigrants.The law also outlaws them from knowingly renting any type of facility or property and does not allow them to work any where in the sate. If a company has an illegal person on their payroll then it makes it an illegal practice to not hire a legal resident. A big issue that has come up in many debates is the fact that schools now have to verify the legality of students in their schools. It does not ban students from attending the school but it does require that the schools keep a report and send it in to the state board of education. We will write a custom essay sample on Alabama Immigration Law or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another issue is that the police department must detain any person that can no provide documentation of being a United States Citizen. The Governor of Alabama, Robert Bentley, initiated this bill into congress and it was passed. The bill takes effect on September 1st 2011. Opponents of the bill state that it is unconstitutional. Some of them even saying that it is going back to the pre civil rights era. People are afraid that students will be afraid to attend school in case they are found out to be illegal.If they are found to be illegal then their parents and family could be kicked out of their home, fired from their jobs and they could lose any benefits that they may have making it impossible for them to live. The fear is also that they will be harassed by other kids at the school making it hard for them to attend and learn. The constitutional issue that arises is the discrimination factor. Illegal immigrants are being discriminated against because of their background. It is against the constitution to do that.This has many people angry and looking to overturn the laws in Alabama because of this. This law is more of a regulatory policy because the government of Alabama passed the law to ban illegal immigrants from the state and the laws to enact this ban are going to be taken into effect. The policies and laws surrounding this new act will affect many people and organizations. The illegal immigrants are going to be affected but the police department will have to make a special unit to handle the illegal immigrants or the suspected illegal immigrants that are stopped and detained. This will cost the taxpayers more money and will cost the police department more money because they will have to build bigger facilities, hire more work force and ensure that everyone is multilingual that works on these task forces. Those that do not have the funds to build bigger holding facilities will have to incur the costs to transport the illegal immigrants to other facilities within the state to hold until another unit comes in and verifies their status.The schools will have to hire a whole team that counts and ensures legal status for all children in the school. This unit would need to be multilingual to help with the needs of the illegal immigrant children and to ensure they knew what to do with these statistics. The school system will incur many costs because the unit will have to research and prepare a report stating their findings to the state board of education in Alabama. The state as a whole will be affected because employers will be afraid to hire anyone that does not â€Å"look† American.The employers have to hire another set of employees just to handle the paperwork involved in the e-verify system and to ensure all of their employees are legally authorized to work in the United States. This will cost the employers more money and will leave them little to no room to give incentive raises or merit based raises because of the new jobs this will entail. When new jobs are added, more taxes and insurance is required causing some places to maybe even shut their doors.

China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) company internationalization essay part 2Essay Writing Service

China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) company internationalization essay part 2Essay Writing Service China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) company internationalization essay part 2 China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) company internationalization essay part 2China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) company internationalization essay part  1In 2008, there was established the National Energy Commission, and one of the six major areas of its activities was to ensure energy resources through international cooperation. Meanwhile, Chinese oil companies had already implemented abroad, so that the new policy actually became a ratification of already developing activities.Overseas expansion of national companies has four main objectives. First, the obvious an increase in production and reserves, which are used to achieve any possible business expansion; second goal is the development of a differentiated network of energy supplies. The third and fourth objectives are aimed at achieving the status of a world scale and the acquisition of technological and managerial know-how.These tasks are solved successfully. Strategy is being implemented in four mai n areas: mergers and acquisitions, alliances and joint venture transactions resources for the market and loans for oil (Spegele,  2012).Since then, China National Offshore Oil Corporation began to consider expansion abroad. It was noted that the pace of CNOOC has slowed, but the pace of activity for the acquisition of production and cooperation accelerated. Acting as a conceptual reality, in these few years CNOOC with its partners continuously explore overseas market. In September 2008, a subsidiary of the Corporation purchased Norwegian oil company â€Å"Awilco† for 2.36 billion U.S. dollars, thus the corporation expanded its services to 20 countries and regions.One of the methods of expansion in foreign business lies through strategic alliances and cooperation with other foreign companies. This path is usually applied in countries where Chinese companies can not compete with foreign corporations, and the possibility of political support for the leadership of the PRC at th e intergovernmental level is insufficient.In choosing a partner and object of cooperation, there often prevails a task to gain experience in the activities of non-trivial conditions. For example, the practice of working in deep water will be useful in promoting the exploration and production in China on its own deep-water shelf. To this end, in 2009, CNOOC has worked with Total on deepwater Akpo and Egina in Nigeria (Waller 2010).Recent Period of Internationalization of CNOOC (2010 until today)In 2010, CNOOC and Chevron announced that they are joining their forces to develop oil fields, but not in the Gulf of Mexico, but in coastal waters of China. Around this same time, CNOOC began to invest in the production of shale gas and hard of recoverable oil in the United States.In order to accelerate the process of internationalization in recent years, the corporation has made a number of successful acquisitions of foreign oil and gas assets. The Corporation acquired oil and gas fields in Indonesia, Australia, Nigeria, Angola and other countries. In early 2010, it has committed the USA $3.1 billion to acquire a 50% stake in a major Argentine oil company  «Bridas » (Caijing 2013).Penetration in developing shale gas projects in the United States is also of great interest. In November 2010, both sides of the joint venture acquired 60% of Argentinas second-largest oil company  «Pan American Energy LLC », owned by British oil company, for $7.1 billion, which allowed full control. A few years before that the company Pan American Energy LLC and US company Exxon Mobile signed an agreement to purchase part of the capital of Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina. In November 2010, CNOOC was able to negotiate the acquisition of 33.3% of the project on shale gas Eagle Ford Shale.In 2010, the net profit of CNOOC reached 54.41 billion Yuan (US $ 1 = 6.56 Yuan) with an increase of 84.5 percent compared with the previous year. According to their 2010report, in 2009 the companys r evenues from the sale of oil and natural gas rose to 149.12 billion Yuan, up by 77.7 percent. The annual report says that in 2010 the total production of oil and natural gas totaled 328.8 million barrels of oil equivalent, an increase of 44.4 percent compared with 2009. Such a significant increase in total production was achieved through the introduction of new oil fields, foreign purchases of existing oil fields and normal operation of existing wells (Caijing 2014).  Every year the company increases its profit. For example, revenues of CNOOC in the III quarter of 2011 compared with the same period of previous year increased by 23.7% to 46.26 billion Yuan (7.25 billion dollars). Total production of oil and gas of CNOOC in III quarter 2011 amounted 80.9 million barrels of oil equivalent (Saywell 2013).In October 2011, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) and China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) in association with Royal Dutch -Shell and the French Total got the r ight to develop and operate for 35 years the worlds largest deep-sea deposits. It is located in 170 km from the coast of the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Field’s Libra recoverable reserves are estimated at 12.8 billion barrels of oil. 12 production platforms with a maximum total daily production of 1.4 million barrels have already started. It should also be noted that in the framework of the strategy of absorption in November 2011, CNOOC has closed a deal on the absorption of Opti Canada Ltd. for $ 2.04 billion (Armstrong Grindell 2012).In March 2014, China National Offshore Oil Corporation announced that it has recently opened a new middle largest gas field, called Lingshui 17-2. This is the first breakthrough achieved by this company in the exploration of Zyundun basin in the South China Sea. Now the corporations shares are put up for auction at HK and New York stock exchanges, it is the largest offshore oil and gas producer in China.Purchase of parts of foreign com panies has led to the fact that China National Offshore Oil Corporation rapidly began to conquer South America. According to the plan, by 2020 the annual production of the company abroad will be 50 million tons. According to forecasts, this year the volume of crude oil companies abroad will reach 30 million tons (Chinese-champions 2014).ConclusionDevelopment of the world economy can not be foreseen. Economic processes are interdependent and have a feature to evolve or change their usual characteristics. Recently, there are significant changes in the global economy. Global players in international markets and the processes of economic development are changing. Influence of developing economies is increasing. Asian countries come close to the world leaders.China is developing especially rapidly. Beginning of the 21st century was the time of the rapid growth of Chinese economy. It started with various forms of export, development to the countrys infrastructure and gradual market libera lization. In 2001, China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO). The country aspires to economic dominance, domestic companies expand their global presence. A striking example is China National Offshore Oil Corporation. Created 1982, it was actively developed and in 2001 entered the world market, where it works successfully. The company is a world leader in the development of offshore oil and gas resources on the basis of international cooperation and it is Chinas largest offshore oil and gas producer. All this confirms that at the moment Chinese companies have become influential players in the global oil market.

Managing Exchange Rate Risk Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Managing Exchange Rate Risk - Research Paper Example The article focusses on different types of currency markets. Thereafter it moves to analyze the determining factors of the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Next, the article concentrates on analyzing the different type of foreign exchange rate risks and their impact on firms as well as the economy. The paper also provides some remedial measures or risk neutralizing strategies (popularised as hedging). The article provides a brief description of UAE dirham and the consequences it has faced so far due to this fixation with USD. After having some words on the current volatility of foreign exchange in recent times the article provides a note of caution on the future transaction and a conclusion. This is the era of globalization. Trade is now considered as the engine of growth and the massive increase in global trade volume is a true mark of that. The neo liberals portrays trade as a blessing, but international trade has its own share of evils as well. International trade generally exposes a country to outside risks. This risk comes in terms of demand and supplies side shock as well as the movement of the exchange rate. Exchange rate movement becomes important as international trade transactions involves two different types of currency at a time. Without a one-to-one parity, their numerical relation is bound to change over time depending upon the economic condition, the politial and social unrest and the exposure to other kinds of risks such as terrorist attacks. Standing at this position, exchange rate risk management is a very important decision making action on behalf of every firm and economy. Through this, a firm decides its level of currency exposure. Exchange rate risk stands for the unexpected change in exchange rate affecting the value of the firm. It has been found that exchange rate fluctuations impose both direct and indirect loss in the firm’s cash flows, assets and liabilities; net profits and these entire combine in course of time, affecting the stock price of the firm. Previously, it was mostly the MNCs who were exposed to exchange rate fluctuation risk, but as the world moved towards the path of globalization even the indigenous firms started to feel the heat of such risks. MNCs are the main participants in the currency market and they are not left with many choices because of the nature of their international transactions. On the other hand, the economy itself consisting several firms gets exposed to a greater risk of exchange rate fluctuations as for the economy (all the firms it contains), the risk of the firms get cumulated and stand for the risk faced by the economy.